New Study: A Quarter of the Calories That Kids & Teens Eat Come From Added Sugars & Fat

From the AICR e-zine

A recent study of children and teens found that more than 25 percent of the calories they consume are considered “empty,” which are calories from added sugars and solid fats. The top sources of empty calories were soft drinks, fruit drinks, cookies, brownies, pizza and ice cream.

The study has not yet been published; but it was presented at the virtual American Society for Nutrition conference.

Using data spanning from 2007 to 2016, this research adds information on both sugar and fat intake trends among children and adolescents. That, in turn, can help inform new ways to promote healthier eating, said Edwina Wambogo, PhD, RD, lead author of the study and a recent postdoctoral Cancer Research Training Award Fellow with the National Cancer Institute.

“The more we understand children’s eating habits, the more of an impact we can make on this population in regards to overall nutrition, diet and lifestyle, as these components play a crucial role in [adult] cancer risk and prevention,” said Sheena P. Swanner, MS, RDN, AICR’s Director of Nutrition Programs.

Limiting consumption of sugary drinks and foods high in sugars and fats are among AICR’s Cancer Prevention Recommendations. Foods that are packed with sugars and fats have relatively high calories in each bite – called the calorie density of a food – that can eventually lead to weight gain. And children who are overweight are more likely to be overweight as adults.

Among adults, AICR research shows that overweight and obesity increases the risk of a dozen cancers. Aside from not smoking, staying a healthy weight is one of the most important steps adults can take to lower their cancer risk.

And the #1 Culprit is…In the study, researchers used data from the 2007-2008 through 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to analyze diet trends for children and teenagers ages 2-18.

Among all age groups, empty calories declined, regardless of energy intake. Despite this positive trend, all age groups consumed more than 25 percent of their caloric intake from empty calories and the percentage of empty calories increased with age.

Top food sources for these empty calories remained almost the same from 2007-2008 to 2015-2016. Among all ages, soft drinks held the top spot for empty calories throughout the years.

As age increased, the sources shifted from beverages such as fruit drinks and flavored milks to foods such as pizza, cookies and other sweet bakery products. For beverages, older children and teens tended to consume more calories from soft drinks rather than fruits drinks and flavored milks.

New Strategies Needed to Create A Shift Foods categorized as empty calories are calories that primarily contain fats and added sugars. Familiar examples of empty calorie foods are cookies, sugary sodas and donuts – sweet foods and beverages that contain relatively few nutrients and plenty of calories. Other foods that make the empty-calorie list include those high in whole milk, cream and fats, such as cheese and pizza.
Not all foods categorized as empty calories are a bad thing, experts note. For example, cheese is a nutrient dense food and milk is a good source of calcium. With some of these foods, the goal is to limit consumption.

Government dietary guidelines recommend that the day’s total calories consist of less than 10 percent from added sugars and less than 10 percent from saturated fats.

This will make room for all the needed nutrients within a healthy calorie limit.
Based on their findings, the researchers suggest several strategies that might be used to help children and teens consume healthier foods. These strategies include increased marketing that promotes healthier foods to children and teens along with limited marketing of less healthy foods, and nutrition education that addresses hidden sources of empty calories from frequently consumed foods. Changing the food environment to ensure availability of healthy foods and product reformulations are other suggested strategies.

Today, close to one in five kids and teens are obese.

“I encourage parents to start reading food labels and ingredients and understand what they mean,” says Swanner. Sodium, calories, fiber and added sugars are all areas to look at on a food label. “As parents (and children) recognize and become more aware of foods that they are eating that may not be as healthy, they can start choosing healthier alternatives and transition to an overall healthier diet which in turn can help shift to a healthier food landscape.”

They Are Already Here: UFO Culture and Why We See Saucers

More than half a century since Roswell, UFOs have been making headlines once again. On December 17, 2017, the New York Times ran a front-page story about an approximately five-year Pentagon program called the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program. The article hinted, and its sources clearly said in subsequent television interviews, that some of the ships in question couldn’t be linked to any country. The implication, of course, was that they might be linked to other solar systems. The UFO community—those who had been thinking about, seeing, and analyzing supposed flying saucers (or triangles or chevrons) for years—was surprisingly skeptical of the revelation. Their incredulity and doubt rippled across the internet. Many of the people most invested in UFO reality weren’t really buying it. And as Scoles did her own digging, she ventured to dark, conspiracy-filled corners of the internet, to a former paranormal research center in Utah, and to the hallways of the Pentagon.

In They Are Already Here we meet the bigwigs, the scrappy upstarts, the field investigators, the rational people, and the unhinged kooks of this sprawling community. How do they interact with each other? How do they interact with “anomalous phenomena”? And how do they (as any group must) reflect the politics and culture of the larger world around them? Funny and colorful, and told in a way that doesn’t require one to believe, Scoles brings humanity to an often derided and misunderstood community. Scoles and Shermer discuss:

• who the “they” are in her title,
• comparing the UFO community to that of SETI scientists, whom she wrote about in her previous book, Making Contact: Jill Tarter and the Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence?
• what it was like engaging UFOlogists at conferences,
• her answer to the Fermi paradox: where is everyone?
• what it means to “believe” in UFOs vs. ETIs,
• Project Saucer, Project Sign, Project Grudge, Project Bluebook,
• Robert Bigelow, Tom DeLonge, and the To the Stars Academy of Arts and Science,
• the most probable explanation for the USS Nimitz UFO videos,
• Kenneth Arnold, Roswell, Area 51, and modern myth making,
• Scoles’ Mormon background and how she lost her religion, and
• what we will replace religion with in the future.

Sarah Scoles is a science writer whose work has appeared in The Atlantic, Slate, Smithsonian, The Washington Post, Scientific American, Popular Science, Discover, New Scientist, Aeon, and Wired. A former editor at Astronomy magazine, Scoles worked at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, the location of the first-ever SETI project. She lives in Denver, Colorado.

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Healthy Summer Eating: The Problem With Auto-Pilot

from the AICR e-zine

Do visions of garden bounty make it seem like summer is when your eating habits are at their healthiest? Although eating habits in the summer may be different than in the winter, they’re not necessarily healthier.

The problem often comes from eating on “auto pilot” – turning to less healthful choices more often than we realize, and not taking advantage of opportunities for healthy choices nearly as often as we think.

The key point: there are ways to enjoy summer eating that are both healthy and delicious. However, we’re often on “auto-pilot,” making choices based on what’s promoted in commercials or what we remember from our childhood; a time well before we knew that day-to-day eating habits can reduce risk of cancer and other chronic diseases.
Its Grilling Season! Auto-pilot: “It’s all about the hamburgers, hot dogs, and sausage.”

Fresh perspective: Even if an occasional burger, hot dog, or grilled sausage is a highlight of the summer for you, strong evidence shows that processed meats like these raise your risk of colorectal cancer. Since its the fourth most common cancer in the U.S., it makes sense to choose other options for grilling.

Grill chicken and throw on a few extra pieces to give you quick-and-easy additions to sandwiches or salads over the next 3-4 days. For an extra-delicious touch, marinate the chicken for an hour or more ahead the herbs and seasonings of your choice.

Experiment with grilling fish or shellfish. For fun, explore options like grilling in foil packets and using a grilling basket. But no special equipment is needed, so have fun experimenting with grilling seafood.

Think outside the box for burgers. Turkey and salmon burgers are tasty, quick and delicious. Use traditional condiments, or expand your variety further with toppings like fresh tomato and fruit salsa, sliced avocado or grilled mushrooms. At the minimum, if you still go for beef, make sure you use a high quality, lean type of burger.

Savor the flavor of grilled vegetables, threaded into kebabs or marinated and tossed into a grilling basket. Round out the meal with choices that supply the protein you need. For example, include a salad with a hearty portion of black beans, garbanzo beans or lentils, or add a cheese and tomato appetizer or salad.

Instead of making hot dogs, sausage or burgers the focus of the meal, give them a smaller role and let a delicious vegetable or whole grain dish take center stage on your plate. Enjoying unprocessed red meat in kebabs mixed with peppers, zucchini, mushrooms or other vegetables makes it easier to keep with the recommended limit of no more than 12-18 ounces of cooked red meat per week.

Its Hot & We’re Thirsty! Auto-pilot: “Fill the cooler with soft drinks and beer and bring out the lemonade!”

Fresh perspective: As it heats up, drinking plenty of liquids doesn’t just help you feel more comfortable, it’s essential. But even though drinks may go down fast and easy, the consequences of your drink choice can stick around longer than you’d like. Each 16-oz sugar-sweetened glass of soda or lemonade gives you as much sugar as 12 large marshmallows! Also, drinks usually don’t satisfy your appetite as much as solid food.

This is not just a swimsuit-oriented concern. Excess body fat and adult weight gain increases the risk of at least 12 different cancers, as well as other chronic diseases like diabetes. The calories in a cooler full of beer are only part of the problem. Alcohol consumption, especially when its beyond the one to two a day limit of moderation, contributes to risk of at least six different cancers.

If making water your #1 beverage is a tough habit for you to establish, experiment with keeping a pitcher of water in the fridge with a tweak of flavor added. You could add a squirt of lemon or lime juice or infuse your water with any fruit of choice. You can get special “infusion pitchers” with a perforated core in the center to put your fruit in. No special equipment is actually needed though, just place some berries, peaches or apple slices, mint, cucumber or produce of choice in a pitcher or large bottle of water. After a few hours, natural flavors will transform the water from plain to flavorful.

Iced tea is a terrific summer cooler. If super-sweetened tea has been your go-to, don’t let tea’s health halo lead you to overlook the sugar content that’s comparable to regular soda. Gradually cut back on the sugar. Perhaps you’ll find this easier if you make home-brewed iced tea that combines regular black (or green) tea and a slightly fruity orange or other herbal or fruit tea.

No need to save iced coffee for a coffee shop treat. Brew some regular or decaf coffee to keep in a pitcher in the fridge and you can enjoy the treat at any time.

For a refreshing, bubbly drink, keep some club soda or seltzer in the fridge or cooler. Whether your preference is plain or flavored with unsweetened fruit essence, these can make a cool drink into an exploration of flavors.

We All Scream For Ice Cream! Auto-pilot: “Summer is the perfect time for ice cream. Go to the ice cream stand, eat a bowl at night in front of the TV, or enjoy a midday cool-off.”

Fresh perspective: Ice cream may seem like a natural part of summer for you, but the huge array of flavors to explore and widespread availability – with 24-hour delivery to your door in some areas – make it easy to go overboard. Further, what’s now considered a medium portion would once have been considered gigantic.

Reshape your bowl of ice cream. Start with a more sensible sized bowl of fruit and let a topping of a single scoop of ice cream drizzle the fruit with enticing flavor. Shift your focus to fruit as the essence of summer sweetness.

Ignore the coupons and 2-for-1 sales on ice cream gallons. Behavior science shows that when there’s more in the house, most people go through it faster. Despite what you tell yourself, if you’re an ice cream lover, stocking up will not last you extra-long.

At the local ice cream stand, bypass the portion distortion created by counting overflowing scoops. If going to the local ice cream stand is one of the joys of summer, choose the “kid-size” portion and slow down to savor the experience itself.

The Master Strategy: Identify your auto-pilot habits, think ahead about some alternatives that you would also enjoy and add them to a list in your phone or on your fridge. Train yourself to experiment with some of these other options and see which ones you might like to choose more often. With repetition, you can train yourself to make these your healthy auto-pilot choices.

Healthy summer eating doesn’t have to be about deprivation, but it shouldn’t compromise your health either. Consider rethinking the choices you’ve been making purely on auto-pilot. Select those choices that really do add to the flavors and energy of the season and try out some healthier options that may become your new summer habits.

False Alarm: How Climate Change Panic Costs Us Trillions, Hurts the Poor, and Fails to Fix the Planet

Hurricanes batter our coasts. Wildfires rage across the American West. Glaciers collapse in the Artic. Politicians, activists, and the media espouse a common message: climate change is destroying the planet, and we must take drastic action immediately to stop it. Children panic about their future, and adults wonder if it is even ethical to bring new life into the world.

Enough, argues bestselling author Bjorn Lomborg. Climate change is real, but it’s not the apocalyptic threat that we’ve been told it is. Projections of Earth’s imminent demise are based on bad science and even worse economics. In panic, world leaders have committed to wildly expensive but largely ineffective policies that hamper growth and crowd out more pressing investments in human capital, from immunization to education.

False Alarm will convince you that everything you think about climate change is wrong — and points the way toward making the world a vastly better, if slightly warmer, place for us all.

In this wide-ranging conversation Shermer and Lomborg discuss:

• How much warmer is it going to get?
• What will the consequences of the warming be?
• What should we do about it?
• How the public discussion/debate over climate has changed in the past 20 years since Lomborg wrote The Skeptical Environmentalist: Measuring the Real State of the World
• Precautionary Principle: should we do something “just in case”?
• What about other existential threats: AI apocalypse, nuclear weapons, pandemics? and
• Why climate is such a hard problem.

The claims:

• we have a decade to solve the problem … or else
• droughts, floods, hurricanes, and extreme weather
• deforestation/reforestation
• polar bears/the 6th Extinction, and
• AOC/Greta Thunberg/Al Gore.

Non-Solutions:

• individual action,
• why the Green Revolution isn’t here yet,
• why the Paris Agreement is failing,
• how climate policy hurts the poor, and
• reducing greenhouse gases.

Rational Solutions:

• carbon tax: a market-based solution,
• innovation,
• adaptation,
• geoengineering, and
• prosperity.

Bjorn Lomborg is the best-selling author of The Skeptical Environmentalist and Cool It. He is a visiting professor at Copenhagen Business School and at the Hoover Institution at Stanford. His work appears regularly in New York Times, Wall Street Journal, the Economist, the Atlantic, and Forbes. His monthly column appears in around 40 papers in 19 languages, with more than 30 million readers. In 2011 and 2012, Lomborg was named Top 100 Global Thinker by Foreign Policy. In 2008 he was named “one of the 50 people who could save the planet” by the Guardian. He lives in Prague.

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Freedom from the Inside Out

from the Empowerment Dynamic e-zine 

The month of July hosts Independence Day celebrations around the world. July 1^st was Canada’s Independence Day and the “4^th of July” is recognized in the US as the day the states became free and independent from the tyranny of a foreign king.
 
The current global disruption is showing the world that freedom exists, or does not exist, on many levels. To speak without hindrance, to think and live without imprisonment has not been universally experienced and could be the subject of many blogs, but what we are writing about this week is your own inner freedom.
 
Freedom starts within yourself and your relationship with your own thoughts and internal conversations. You will never be truly free unless you are free from your own inner-tyranny and self-persecution.

In our education and training workshops, it surprises participants to learn that there are three roles that make up what we call the Dreaded Drama Triangle (DDT). There’s Victim, Persecutor, and Rescuer, and they all operate within our thought patterns and influence how we show up in our relationships in the outside world.

Many people do not realize their inner Persecutor, that self-critical, derogatory inner voice, can be running in the background of their consciousness, influencing their beliefs about themselves and the world. If your personal thoughts are self-critical, your peace of mind and emotional well-being will suffer, and you may never experience true personal freedom.
 
We have coached hundreds of leaders who, by all accounts, are outwardly successful, but when asked about what they say to themselves privately, they often are their own worst tyrants. Your relationship with yourself is the most important relationship you will ever have and how you relate to yourself will have a big impact on how you relate to others.
Victor Frankl, a survivor of Auschwitz and the holocaust, wrote in his classic book, “Man’s Search for Meaning”: “The last of human freedoms is the ability to choose one’s attitude in any given circumstances—to choose one’s own way.”
 
Fully embracing that you always have a choice is where personal freedom lives. The key to making empowered choices and personal freedom is to understand how your mind works. The more you understand that your inner Persecuting voice is actually only one of many voices, it will loosen its grip. Just because a thought pops into your head does not mean you have to believe it, give it any power, or act on it. 

We all have self-critical and demeaning thoughts from time to time. The secret is to view them as passing chatter and just one of many thoughts you can focus on (but don’t have to). Just a few deep breaths or a short conscious walk can help you quiet the voice. Once you do this, you can calm yourself and ask yourself “How do I choose to respond?”
 
Personal freedom is choosing what thoughts to give your attention and power to. Just as you have the Dreaded Drama Triangle roles operating within you, you also have the empowerment roles of Creator, Challenger, and Coach available to consciously relate to yourself, others, and your life experience.
 
As you become more self-observant and aware, you can choose your response to life’s challenges. Taking responsibility for your choices will reinforce and grow your Creator essence and enable and empower you to act, to embrace the freedom to create your own life.

Your inner Creator helps to clear your mind and brings well-being and freedom to your life. You will feel a lot of more positive energy and joy when you see that freedom really does lies within. You may still hear your inner-tyrant (the Persecutor) from time-to-time, you just don’t have to give that voice any power.
You can choose personal freedom by understanding and cultivating the true essence of your inner Creator by simply asking yourself; “What kind of outcome would I see emerge this situation, what do I want to create here?”

Intimate Alien: The Hidden Story of the UFO

UFOs are a myth, says David J. Halperin — but myths are real. The power and fascination of the UFO has nothing to do with space travel or life on other planets. It’s about us, our longings and terrors, and especially the greatest terror of all: the end of our existence. This is a book about UFOs that goes beyond believing in them or debunking them and to a fresh understanding of what they tell us about ourselves as individuals, as a culture, and as a species.

In the 1960s, Halperin was a teenage UFOlogist, convinced that flying saucers were real and that it was his life’s mission to solve their mystery. He would become a professor of religious studies, with traditions of heavenly journeys his specialty. With Intimate Alien, he looks back to explore what UFOs once meant to him as a boy growing up in a home haunted by death and what they still mean for millions, believers and deniers alike.

From the prehistoric Balkans to the deserts of New Mexico, from the biblical visions of Ezekiel to modern abduction encounters, Intimate Alien traces the hidden story of the UFO. It’s a human story from beginning to end, no less mysterious and fantastic for its earthliness. A collective cultural dream, UFOs transport us to the outer limits of that most alien yet intimate frontier, our own inner space. Shermer and Halperin discuss:

• What is religion and what role does it play in peoples’ lives?
• What is myth and what role does it play in peoples’ lives?
• what Carl Jung believed about UFOs and why,
• The Day the Earth Stood Still film as a Christ Allegory,
• why he’s an atheist but fascinated by the power of religion,
• why he’s a UFO skeptic but compelled by the power of alien beliefs,
• the origin of alien eyes,
• the origin of alien abductions,
• the true meaning of the Roswell incident,
• John Lennon’s UFO experience,
• Will religion fall into disuse with the rise of the nones?, and
• the future of religion in a post-COVID-19 world.

David J. Halperin taught Jewish studies in the Department of Religious Studies at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, until his retirement in 2000. He has published five nonfiction books on Jewish mysticism and messianism, as well as the coming-of-age novel Journal of a UFO Investigator: A Novel (2011). He blogs about UFOs, religion, and related subjects at www.davidhalperin.net.

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Enjoy the Health Benefits of Berries

from the AICR e-zine

July is National Berry Month! If berries aren’t part of your daily diet, now is the perfect time to start eating more of these fruits. Blackberries, blueberries, raspberries and strawberries are all great options that are bursting with antioxidants, vitamins, minerals and fiber, which help reduce risk of cancer and other chronic diseases.

It’s important to eat a variety of berries so you can reap the benefits of the different vitamins and minerals these fruits have to offer.

Blueberries are rich in antioxidants and protective plant compounds like anthocyanins and can help fight inflammation. They may improve brain, eye and heart health, and help to reduce cancer risk. The sweet taste of this berry makes it a nice addition to salads and smoothies.
Selection: Choose blueberries that are firm, plump and dry with a dusty blue color and are uniform in size. Avoid berries that are soft, shriveled or have any sign of mold.
Storage: Refrigerate blueberries for up to 10 days. Wait to wash until ready to eat.

Raspberries contain dietary fiber and polyphenols, which both play an important role in a cancer-protective diet. Did you know that 1 cup of raspberries contains 8g of fiber? AICR recommends eating at least 30g of dietary fiber per day as part of a healthy eating pattern to lower cancer risk.
Selection: Choose raspberries that are firm, plump and dry. Avoid wet or moldy berries.
Storage: Do not wash raspberries until ready to eat. Refrigerate for use within 1-2 days.

Blackberries are another great source of dietary fiber. One cup of blackberries contains 8g of fiber and these berries are high in vitamin C. You can pair blackberries with almonds or walnuts for an easy, high-fiber snack.
Selection: Choose blackberries that are shiny. Avoid blackberries that are bruised or leaking.
Storage: Refrigerate blackberries for 3-6 days. Wait to wash until ready to eat.

Strawberries are an excellent source of vitamin C and manganese and are rich in plant compounds, like polyphenols. Sweet, juicy and tart, these berries add a great flavor profile to any meal or snack.
Selection: Choose strawberries that are shiny and firm with a bright red color. Caps should be fresh, green and intact. Avoid shriveled, mushy or leaky strawberries.
Storage: Do not wash strawberries until ready to eat. Store in refrigerator for 1-3 days.

More tips for eating berries: Summer is a great time to add fresh berries into your daily diet, but keep in mind that frozen berries are available year-round and provide just as many health benefits. You can eat berries by themselves or add them to different meals and snacks. Below are a few easy ways to help you add more berries into your diet:
   Add on top of cereal, oatmeal or yogurt
   Toss into a salad
   Throw a handful into a smoothie
   Add to ice water for a naturally sweetened fruit infused water

Pharma: Greed, Lies, and the Poisoning of America

Pharmaceutical breakthroughs such as antibiotics and vaccines rank among some of the greatest advancements in human history. Yet exorbitant prices for life-saving drugs, safety recalls affecting tens of millions of Americans, and soaring rates of addiction and overdose on prescription opioids have caused many to lose faith in drug companies. Now, Americans are demanding a national reckoning with a monolithic industry. Pharma introduces brilliant scientists, incorruptible government regulators, and brave whistleblowers facing off against company executives often blinded by greed. A business that profits from treating ills can create far deadlier problems than it cures. Addictive products are part of the industry’s DNA, from the days when corner drugstores sold morphine, heroin, and cocaine, to the past two decades of dangerously overprescribed opioids. Pharma also uncovers the real story of the Sacklers, the family that became one of America’s wealthiest from the success of OxyContin, their blockbuster narcotic painkiller at the center of the opioid crisis. Pharma reveals how and why American drug companies have put earnings ahead of patients. Shermer and Posner also discuss:

• how Big Pharma companies conspire to hack the FDA regulations,
• parsing responsibility for the Opioid crisis between manufacturers, distributors, doctors, and patients,
• the physiology of addiction and dependency,
• how Arthur Sackler went from liberal do-gooder to greedy capitalist,
• the polio vaccine and patenting the sun,
• how valium and anti-depressants were marketed to men and women differently,
• how the AIDS cocktail was developed,
• how Viagra® was discovered,
• why patents and intellectual property rights do not lead to more innovation,
• the prospects for a COVID-19 vaccine, and
• the current state of the opioid crisis and how to stem it.

Gerald Posner is an award-winning journalist who has written twelve books, including the Pulitzer Prize finalist Case Closed: Lee Harvey Oswald and the Assassination of JFK and multiple national bestsellers. His 2015 book, God’s Bankers, a two-hundred-year history of the finances of the Vatican, was an acclaimed New York Times bestseller. Posner has written for many national magazines and papers, including The New York Times, The New Yorker, Newsweek, and Time, and he has been a regular contributor to NBC, the History Channel, CNN, CBS, MSNBC, and FOX News. He lives in Miami Beach with his wife, author Trisha Posner.

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How to Think Like a Scientist

Watch Michael Shermer’s final lecture in his 15-part Chapman University series, free online.

In this, the final lecture of his Chapman University Skepticism 101 course, Dr. Michael Shermer pulls back to take a bigger picture look at what science and reason have done for humanity in the realm of moral progress. That is, applying the methods of science and principles of reason since the Scientific Revolution in the 17^th century has solved not only problems in the physical and biological/medical fields, but in social and moral realms as well. How should we structure societies so that more people flourish in more places more of the time? Science can answer that question, and it has for centuries. Learning how to think like a scientist can make the world a better place, as Dr. Shermer explains in this lecture based on his 2015 book, The Moral Arc.

Shermer’s Chapman University course, Skepticism 101: How to Think Like a Scientist, covers a wide range of topics, from critical thinking, reasoning, rationality, free speech, cognitive biases and how thinking goes wrong, and the scientific methods, to actual claims and whether or not there is any truth to them, e.g., ESP, ETIs, UFOs, astrology, channelling, the Bermuda Triangle, psychics, evolution, creationism, Holocaust denial, and especially conspiracy theories and how to think about them.

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