Wednesday, May 29, 2019

Health Freedom, Right to Try, and Informed Consent

BY HARRIET HALL, M.D.

Starting with the Terrible Twos, when toddlers hear the word “No” on a regular basis, people don’t like to be told they can’t do something. They often believe government regulations interfere with their rights. The government requires vaccinations for school attendance; parents complain that they should be able to make their own decisions about whether to vaccinate their children. The government requires that drugs be approved by the FDA before marketing; desperate patients dying of cancer complain that regulations are preventing them from getting the one new treatment that just might save their life.
Victims of disease do not demand quack treatments because they want to exercise their “rights,” but because they have been deceived into thinking that they offer hope.
Health Freedom
The “health freedom” argument is that everyone has the right to use whatever treatments they want, to control what goes into their bodies, and that it’s none of the government’s business. But as Stephen Barrett and William Jarvis explained on Quackwatch:1

Quacks use the concept of “health freedom” to divert attention away from themselves and toward victims of disease with whom we are naturally sympathetic. “These poor folks should have the freedom to choose whatever treatments they want,” cry the quacks—with crocodile tears. They want us to overlook two things. First, no one wants to be cheated, especially in matters of life and health. Victims of disease do not demand quack treatments because they want to exercise their “rights,” but because they have been deceived into thinking that they offer hope. Second, the laws against worthless nostrums are not directed against the victims of disease but at the promoters who attempt to exploit them.

Vaccine refusers don’t recognize that the government has a duty to protect the welfare of children and to protect the population from vaccine-preventable diseases. They tend to think parental rights and personal preference should trump everything else.

People go to other countries to get stem cell treatments that have not been tested, and cancer treatments like Laetrile and the Gonzalez protocol that have been tested and shown not to work. In a trial of pancreatic cancer, patients treated with the Gonzalez regime survived on average for 4.3 months; those using standard chemotherapy survived on average for 14 months and reported a better quality of life. But desperate patients still want to believe in these treatments and they insist it was wrong of the government to prohibit them in the U.S. […]



The “Dirty Dozen” & the “Clean Fifteen”

Here’s when it’s the most, and least, worth paying extra for organically grown produce by Karla Bowsher, Money Talks News

Strawberries rank as the “dirtiest” produce, at least according to one nonprofit. The sweet summertime staple earned the No. 1 spot on the Environmental Working Group’s latest annual ranking of fruits and vegetables with the most pesticide residue — the “Dirty Dozen” list.
More than 90% of strawberry samples tested positive for residue of at least two pesticides, according to EWG’s 
2019 Shopper’s Guide to Pesticides in Produce. And one strawberry sample tested positive for residue from 23 pesticides.
Testing conducted in California in 2015 found that nearly 300 pounds of pesticide was applied to each acre of strawberry crops. The fruits and vegetables that made the 2019 Dirty Dozen list are:

  1. Strawberries
  2. Spinach
  3. Kale
  4. Nectarines
  5. Apples 
  6. Grapes
  7. Peaches
  8. Cherries
  9. Pears
 10. Tomatoes
 11. Celery
 12. Potatoes

   These are the “dirtiest” out of 47 types of produce that EWG scrutinized this year. The group’s ranking is based on an analysis of more than 40,900 samples taken by two federal agencies, the Department of Agriculture and the Food and Drug Administration.

Opposite the Dirty Dozen in the ranking is what EWG calls the “
Clean Fifteen,” which were found to have little if any pesticide residue. For example, less than 1% of conventional avocados and sweet corn had any pesticide residue.
On the 2019 Clean Fifteen are:


  1. Avocados
  2. Sweet corn
  3. Pineapples
  4. Sweet peas (frozen)
  5. Onions
  6. Papayas
  7. Eggplant
  8. Asparagus
  9. Kiwis
 10. Cabbages
 11. Cauliflowers
 12. Cantaloupes
 13. Broccoli
 14. Mushrooms
 15. Honeydew melons


   EWG cites multiple studies that point to various health risks associated with pesticides, particularly for children. But when you shop for the Clean Fifteen, you can reach for conventional versions over organic versions to save money without having to worry about eating pesticide-ridden food.



Image result for dirty dozen list 2019



Thursday, May 23, 2019

Is Low-Dose Radiation Good for You?


The Questionable Claims for Hormesis

BY HARRIET HALL, M.D.

For most people, radiation is very scary. You can’t see it; you may not know if you’ve been exposed. We’ve all read the horror stories about Hiroshima and Nagasaki. When radiation leaked from the Fukushima reactor in 2011, people all the way across the Pacific Ocean feared for their health. Alarmist headlines blared “Fukushima radiation has reached U.S. shores!” Cesium-134 had been measured in seawater samples from beaches in Oregon, and in Canadian salmon. A senior scientist quelled fears by putting this news into context: “if you were to swim every day for six hours a day in those waters for a year, that additional radiation from the addressed cesium from Japan…is 1000 times smaller than one dental x-ray.”1

Most people think radiation is not natural. Actually, yes it is. We are exposed to radiation from cosmic rays. We get more background radiation if we live in the mountains or fly frequently, and if we live in stone or brick houses or in homes with radon in the basement. There is radioactive potassium in bananas, potatoes, beer, and many other foods. Tobacco leaves contain radioactive polonium 210, with a half-life of 138 days. It falls onto the tobacco leaves from the atmosphere and is a major cause of lung cancer. We are even exposed to radiation from our own bodies. There is no way to avoid it. We know that ionizing radiation damages and mutates DNA and can cause cancer.

Many people are convinced that all radiation is potentially dangerous. The Health Physics Society has set safety levels, and workers’ doses are maintained at levels as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA); but they point out that “There is considerable uncertainty associated with the estimation of risk from relatively low doses.” This doesn’t mean there is no risk, but rather that there may not be any risk, and if there is, we don’t know how to quantify it. The problem is that the risk is so low that many millions of people would have to be studied to overcome the signal-to-noise ratio in the data, and the risk is confounded by varying background levels of radiation and other factors like radiation from diagnostic procedures. It’s an impossible problem that may never be definitively solved because of the sheer numbers and the complexity of the data involved.

Since we can’t know for certain, we have to guess. We can choose to guess that low levels of radiation are harmless for all practical purposes, or we can choose to guess that any radiation is potentially harmful. But there is a third choice: we can believe that low levels of radiation are beneficial to health. It’s called hormesis. During the Fukushima episode, conservative commentator Ann Coulter wrote a column titled “A Glowing Report on Radiation.” She claimed that radiation is good for you! She said, “anyone exposed to excess radiation from the nuclear power plants is now probably much less likely to get cancer…radiation operates as a sort of cancer vaccine.”2 Her column was an irresponsible distortion of the facts.

Coulter cited several studies that she thought showed lower cancer risk with low-dose radiation. She misreported those studies, which either showed higher risk or failed to reach statistical significance. At one point in her article, she even admits that “it is hardly a settled scientific fact that excess radiation is a health benefit.” David Gorski demolished Coulter’s arguments in a blog post on Sciencebasedmedicine.org.3
What is Hormesis?
Hormesis is a biphasic dose-response to an environmental agent characterized by a low dose stimulation or beneficial effect and a high dose inhibitory or toxic effect. Some people argue that tiny doses of radiation are not harmful. Some scientists even claim that low doses, by stimulating DNA repair, make you healthier. Hormesis is hypothesized to be an adaptive response to intermittent stress. Another way of expressing this is “What stresses me within certain parameters makes me better adapted.” Maybe, maybe not. […]



Tuesday, May 21, 2019

Living in a Dream World

Not too long ago, we talked about William B. Irvine's Guide to the Good Life in which he shares some practical tools to master "The Ancient Art of Stoic Joy." Here's a fun little perspective-shifting tool.

He tells us that it's REALLY easy to take things for granted. To counter this tendency (that scientists calls Hedonic Adaptation and Maslow calls a "non-evil evil,"), we should consider spending some time thinking about how our ancestors lived. 


He says: "We will quickly discover that we are living in what to them would have been a dream world—that we tend to take for granted things that our ancestors had to live without, including antibiotics, air conditioning, toilet paper (!), cell phones, television, windows, eyeglasses, and fresh fruit and vegetables in January. Upon coming to this realization, we can breathe a sigh of relief that we aren't our ancestors, the way our descendants will presumably someday breathe a sigh of relief that they aren't us!     

The next time you start complaining about the plumbing, think back to a time not-too-long-ago when we didn't even have toilet paper. (Alas, what did we do?!) Air conditioning in the car not getting cool enough for you as fast as you'd like? Right. Remember that 100 years ago you would have been riding a horse.

Cell phone reception spotty? You do realize you're talking into a piece of plastic and somehow, MAGICALLY, communicating to someone far, far away... Right? Internet slow? Remember you have access to more wisdom and entertainment (and nonsense) than ever imaginable!

It's easy to take things for granted. But...Let's remember that, in a vast number of ways, compared to our ancestors, we live in a DREAM WORLD!!

Practically-speaking, if you feel so inspired, take a moment and look at your current environment. Find something technologically advanced that you may take for granted. Maybe it's your phone or your car or your computer or even a light bulb.

Can you see the magic in it?! Awesome. Keep that perspective nice and fresh today. And, remember that OUR ancestors will laugh at the primitive conditions in which WE live today.



Thursday, May 16, 2019

Here’s What Can Happen When You Try to 'Beat' Traffic Lights

Saving 90 seconds isn't worth the risk. Just don't do it.

One of the first things we learn at a young age is the meaning behind red, yellow, and green—our traffic signal colors. Even though it’s ingrained in the memory of so many, it’s easy to take them for granted—and ignore the dangers of not doing what they instruct, like running red lights.

According to the National Highway Safety Traffic Administration, in 2016 more than 800 people were killed in crashes involving running traffic signals. An estimated 137,000 were injured as a result of not obeying traffic lights in the same year.

Read the full article


A Disproof of God’s Existence

BY COLIN MCGINN

The traditional definition of God credits him with three attributes: moral perfection, omniscience, and omnipotence. These are supposed to be logically independent, with none entailing the others. But that is not obviously correct: How is moral perfection possible without omniscience and omnipotence? How is it possible to be omnipotent without also being omniscient? Isn’t omniscience a type of omnipotence—a power to see and know everything? In fact, can’t we simply define God in terms of omnipotence, since his other attributes flow from this? If God is omnipotent he must be morally perfect, since he has the power to be morally perfect, and why would he not exercise that power? And if he is omnipotent he must be omniscient, since omniscience is an epistemic power. At the least he has the power to be both morally perfect and all knowing, given that he is all powerful. Thus omnipotence seems to be basic in the definition of God. God differs from lesser beings precisely in having powers they do not have—moral powers, epistemic powers, and other powers (causing earthquakes, healings, etc.). God is replete with power, overflowing with it, by no means lacking in it. Any power there is, he has.

But is that right? Does God have every power? He has the power to create and destroy universes, but does he have the power to sneeze or digest food or pick his nose? Those powers require possession of a body with a certain anatomy, but God has no such body, being disembodied. Does he have the power to decay or split or emit radiation? How could he have these powers given his immaterial nature? Does he have the power to come down with a cold or be bed-ridden or have the runs? Surely not: God has the powers that are proper to his divine nature, not any old powers that things of other natures have—animals, plants, atoms. God essentially lacks certain powers as a condition of being who he is. He has the powers of a god not of a worm or cactus plant. Everything must lack something in order to be something, i.e., to have a determinate nature. […]



Wednesday, May 08, 2019

How the “Pause-Button” Mentality Can Ruin Your Health & Fitness


And why getting a “fresh start” is never the magic bullet you thought it would be.
by Dr. John Berardi, PhD, Precision Nutrition

“I’ll resume healthy eating after my vacation… once the baby is born… after Dad gets out of the hospital… January 1… Monday.” While this kind of “pause-button mentality” seems reasonable, it could be ruining your health and fitness. After all, what’s the harm in taking a break from a nutrition and fitness plan when you’re: leaving for vacation, completely swamped at work, pregnant, or just after delivery, injured, or caring for an ailing family member?

The thought process boils down to this: If I miss some workouts, eat the wrong things, skip the homework… I fail.Aren’t I more likely to succeed if I take a break, just until I have the time to do it right?

This is what I call the “pause-button” mentality. Now, don’t get me wrong. I think it’s normal — even commendable — to want to do your best. To consider taking time to regroup and then resume (or start over) when life feels easier. At the same time, this completely natural and well-meaning impulse is one of the fastest, surest, most reliable ways to sabotage your plans for improved nutrition, health, and fitness. Here’s why — and what to do instead.

Starting fresh after you lose your way is a really comforting thought. That’s probably why New Year’s resolutions are so popular, especially following the indulgence-fueled holiday season. Give me that cheesecake. I’ll pick my diet back up on Monday! In fact, we’ve learned in our that the idea of a do-over is so alluring you don’t even need a mess-up for the pause-button mentality to take over.

Here’s the problem: The pause-button mentality only builds the skill of pausing. Whether it’s tomorrow, Monday, next week, net month, or even next year, hitting that imaginary pause button gives you some sense of relief. It allows you a little respite from what can be a really tough slog. This perceived relief is compounded by the illusion that if we “start fresh” later we can find the magical “right time” to begin.

Listen, I get it. It can feel absurd to try to improve your eating and exercise habits while you’re in the midst of chronic stress / looking for a job / starting a new job / going on vacation / caring for aging parents / raising small children.
That’s probably why there are so many 21-day this and 90-day that plans out there. What adult has more than 90 days to go after their fitness goals with an all-out effort?

But what do these intense “fitness sprints” teach you? The skill of getting fit within a very short (and completely non-representative) period of your life. What don’t they teach you? The skill of getting fit (or staying fit) in the midst of a normal, complicated, “how it really is” sort of life, the one we all live regularly.

This is why the yo-yo diet thing has become such a phenomenon. It’s not about willpower. It’s about skills. In most fitness scenarios, you learn how to get fit under weird, tightly-controlled, and very temporary life situations.
What you don’t build is the ability to get and stay fit under enduring real-life conditions.

That’s why it doesn’t stick. Not because you suck. But because the natural and predictable consequence of having a limited skill set is short-term progress followed immediately by long-term frustration.

What will be different next time? I remember having lunch with a colleague who swore up and down that his low-carb diet plus daily running was the secret to staying in shape. I had to follow up with a painful question: “Well, why aren’t you actually in shape?” After a long pause, he said: “Uhh, I’ve had a hard time sticking with it. We just had our second child. The holidays just ended. I just switched jobs.” He trailed off… “But, once everything settles down, I’ll get with the program and get in shape again! I guess I’m just on a little break.”

This story illustrates the point perfectly. Here is someone who’s built his fitness on a house of cards. He knows only one thing: How to get in shape by following a very challenging program 
when the conditions are perfect. And whenever life isn’t perfect, which is most of the time, he hits the pause button. He waits for a better time. All the while losing the health and fitness he previously worked so hard for.

That’s why, when someone mentions pressing the pause button, I usually ask: “What will be different when you come back?” Nine times out of 10, the honest answer is nothing. Nothing will be different. Life is just…happening. And it’ll happen again in January, or after the baby is born, or after Mom gets better, when your job settles down, or at any other arbitrary point you pick. And what then? I’ve wanted to press “pause” myself! If you’ve ever felt like pressing pause, or you feel this way right now, it might help to know I’ve felt exactly the same way.

A few years back, my wife and I decided to renovate a home. During the reno, we lived in a tiny apartment above my in-laws’ garage. At the time I was also starting up Precision Nutrition. Every day we’d wake up and get straight to work. At the end of the day, we’d drive 1 ½ hours to the new house to chip away at the reno. Then, late at night, we’d drive 1 ½ hours back and fall into bed. Repeat.

At first, I thought there was no way to exercise. My schedule was completely packed, I had nowhere to work out, and my eating was less than ideal. But after a couple of weeks I realized that 
something was going to be better than nothing.

The renovations would continue. Running a business would only get more demanding. And we were planning to have our first child. I realized I couldn’t wait. I couldn’t press pause. Because, if I didn’t continue, there’d never be that “perfect time” to hit the play button again. I needed to find a way to squeeze in some kind of workout, however quick, easy, basic, and unglamorous.

Let’s just accept that life has no “pause” button. The key lesson here is that, like it or not, the game of life keeps going. There is no timeout. There’s never going to be a moment when things are magically easier. You can’t escape work, personal, and family demands. 
Nor can you escape the need for health and fitness in your life.

Here’s a thought experiment: What if you tried to hit pause in other areas of your life? Imagine you’re up for a big promotion at work. For the next two weeks, all you want to do is focus on mastering an upcoming presentation to win over your boss. Trouble is, you’ve got a spouse, two young children at home, and the usual array of household and personal obligations.

Honey, you say to your spouse, I’m just gonna press pause on being a spouse and a parent for now. I’ll be staying at a hotel. Don’t contact me. I don’t know about you, but that would NOT go over well in my family. You can’t really press pause — and you definitely can’t hit reset — on being a spouse or a parent. Just like you can’t stop showing up for work and expect to keep your job.

Generally, when it comes to life, we know we’re not always going to be on our A Game. Sometimes we’re superstars. Most of the time we just do our best. We muddle through. We keep going. So why do we expect it to be any different with health and fitness?

In my case, above, I hired a coach and we came up with a simple workout program that met these criteria: No more than 3x a week. No more than 10 minutes per session. Has to be done upon waking up, right next to the bed. Requires no equipment. I did that for about 6 months. Was it the Best Workout Ever? No! Did I end up, after 6 months, fitter than ever? Heck no! But was it better than hitting the pause button and doing nothing? You bet!


See, perfectionism is not the point. “Completing” a program is not the point. Being the “best” for a tiny window of time is not the point. The point is to keep going. Sometimes awkwardly, sometimes incompetently, sometimes downright half-assed. But to keep going nonetheless.
 
The “all or nothing” mentality rarely gets us “all”. It usually gets us “nothing”. That’s when I propose a new mantra:
“Always something”. Instead of pressing pause, adjust the dial. Nowadays I like to think of my fitness and nutrition efforts as a dial. There are times when I want to dial my efforts up, and times when I want to dial them down. But I never want to turn the dial off completely.

Here’s how this plays out in the context of my life. Sometimes, say when I’m training for a track competition or concentrating on a particular goal, my fitness dial might be tuned to 9 or 10 out of 10. Channel 10 means I work out every day. Every meal is planned and carefully considered. I think a lot about fitness. And not much about anything else.
Work, family, hobbies… they’re all in maintenance mode (with the permission of the people this affects, of course).
 
However, as I write this, my life involves the following: Settling into a new home, conducting major home renovations, raising 4 children, one of them still a baby, running a growing business with nearly 100 team members. So, these days, the dial rarely goes past 3 or 4. I work out, maybe, three days a week and most of my meals are just “good enough”. For the record, I’m totally cool with that. There is no guilt about having my dial set a little lower. What’s most important is that the dial is still set to “on”.
 
The important lesson: There’s a big difference between tuning your dial to 3, 2, or even a 1, and turning the whole thing off. And when you realize how do-able — and effective — channels 3 and 2 and 1 can be, you see that there’s never a good reason to hit “pause”. I get it. It’s easy to discount the lower channels. Especially when you’ve done more in the past. But remember your new mantra…ALWAYS SOMETHING!

Perfection never happens in real life. We’re always going to be doing the best we can with what we have, and that’s okay. We can still make progress toward our goals and still improve our health and our fitness – whatever’s going on in our lives.

That progress doesn’t happen if you “press pause” and wait for a better time. It doesn’t happen if you say “I’ll squat again once the Dad situation resolves itself”. Or if you ask for a re-do next week, next month, next year.
 
It’s about health and fitness in the context of real human life. And, just like the rest of life, we’re all just doing the best we can in challenging, complicated circumstances. We are all living messy, imperfect lives. We are all human. If we can just keep moving forward, no matter what happens, no pause buttons, no do-overs, we win the game. Here are a few strategies for getting out of the pause-button mentality and into a more realistic, effective, sustainable way of thinking.

What to do Next: 
 
1). Try the dial method. Think of your fitness like a dial that goes from 1 – 10. If you were to dial it up to “10”…
What would your workouts look like? What would your nutrition look like? What other actions/habits would you practice in that scenario? If you were to dial it down to “1”… What would your workouts look like? What would your nutrition look like? What other actions/habits would you practice in that scenario?
 
Giving thought to your life right now, where is your dial set? Would you like to make any adjustments? Could you move the dial up a channel, or even half a channel? If so, what would that look like? On the other hand… Should you move the dial down a channel so you can stick with health and fitness even during a difficult time?
 
2). Aim for a little bit better. An all-or-nothing approach usually doesn’t get us “all”. It usually gets us “nothing”. You know what actually works? Small improvements done consistently over time work, we’ve seen it again and again. You might be trying to make a decent meal out of hospital cafeteria food, gas station food, or airport/airplane food. You might be spending hours awake with a newborn in the middle of the night, or stuck in yet another full-day meeting. These aren’t ideal scenarios, but they’re not necessarily hopeless either. Think. Look around. Get creative. See if you can find some small — maybe minuscule — way to adapt and make improvements.
 
3). Anticipate, strategize, plan. Since we already know that stuff is going to go wrong, the best thing we can do is anticipate and make plans for how to deal with it when they do. A simple way to do this is by answering two questions:
   a). What is likely to get in the way of what I hope to accomplish?
   b). What is something I can do today to help me keep going when I face those obstacles?

For some people, that might be a certain day where they prep food for the week so they won’t be scrambling for healthy meals on busy nights. For others, it might mean having a healthy meal-delivery service on speed dial or healthy snacks at the ready when there’s no time for any prep at all. Have a downsized workout plan designed that will allow you to do “something” rather than nothing.

Don’t be surprised and dismayed when things go haywire. They will at some point. Just arm yourself with the best tools and strategies so you can stay in the game when you’re thrown a curveball.

Let’s take this one step further: what, you may ask, are 10 small actions you could take each day to further your health and fitness goals even if you’re crazy busy?

   1). Cut the portion size of some questionable food you’re eating in half.
   2). Do 10 countertop push-ups while you’re in the kitchen or bathroom.
   3). Add 1 serving of a healthy veggie to any meal (including breakfast or snack).
   4). While watching tv, during commercials (or before or after the show you’re watching in the case of Netflix or Amazon), do 20 high-knee marches or run in place for 1 minute.
   5). Purposefully park further out in any parking lot so you can take more steps.
   6). Drink one glass of water before you eat any meal or snack.
   7). At the end of the day do some stretches.
   8). Read 1 health-related article every day.
   9). Do 15 big arm circles in each direction (or shoulder rolls if you have shoulder problems) when you get up in the morning.
   10). Sit on the edge of your bed and do seated trunk twists or elbow to opposite knee 10 times each direction before you go to bed (or when you first get up).
   Can’t do all 10? Fine! Do 5! That’s still 50 actions taken at the end of 10 days. Don’t like my list? No worries! Come up with your own ideas. I dare you! 😊


Thursday, May 02, 2019

How Science Will Explain & Fix Fake News

BY DAVID COWAN

The instant, global spread of information through the Internet clearly benefits us as individuals and as a civilization. But the Internet can also be wielded to spread disinformation, a formidable downside of the technology that we’ve recently labeled “fake news.” Simple web publishing tools enable anyone to fabricate stories that appear identical to legitimate journalism, which prompts social media users—both human and robotic—to share them as easily as real news. Fake news, crafted to exploit us, wreaks havoc on our health, finances and politics.
Reality constrains the quantity of real news stories, but our boundless imaginations unleash a torrent of fake stories that now overwhelm our news feeds. Not only does fake news deceive us, it undermines our trust in legitimate news sources. This is the real catastrophe and, many believe, the objective of Russia’s fake news campaign leading up to the 2016 U.S. elections. Fake news threatens the institution of democracy itself, because an uninformed public cannot make sound governance decisions.
Fake news, crafted to exploit us, wreaks havoc on our health, finances, and politics.
Many groups have tried to stem fake news through various fact-checking initiatives that have all failed, because they fundamentally misunderstand the problem. Some employ human editors, who cannot possibly keep up in any useful timeframe. More scalable schemes crowd-source the work, as though the public could possibly know what is happening elsewhere in the world. Others employ machine learning, as though reality follows some recognizable pattern. Others use automated reference-checking to verify facts elsewhere online, defying the very definition of “news.” Some internet media platforms necessarily publish “both sides of the story” side by side, serving up contradictory facts that guarantee misinformation and confusion. Some find the problem so intractable that their only remedy is to “educate the public” that news sources simply cannot be trusted, and that truth is a matter of opinion always “worthy of respect.” […]